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未成年人保護(hù)法
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第一條
為了保護(hù)未成年人的身心健康，保障未成人的合法權(quán)益，促進(jìn)未成人在品德、智力、體質(zhì)等方面全面發(fā)展，把他們培養(yǎng)成為有理想、有道德、有文化、有紀(jì)律的社會(huì)主義事業(yè)接班人，根據(jù)憲法，制定本法。
Article 1 This Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution for the
purpose of protecting the physical and mental health of minors, safeguarding
their lawful rights and interests, promoting their all- round
development-morally, intellectually and physically, and training them into
successors to the socialist cause with lofty ideals, sound morality, better
education and a good sense of discipline.
第二條 本法所稱未成年人是指未滿十八周歲的公民。
Article 2 Minors as used in this Law refer to citizens under the age of
eighteen.
第三條
國家、社會(huì)、學(xué)校和家庭對(duì)未成人進(jìn)行理想教育、道德教育、文化教育、紀(jì)律和法制教育，進(jìn)行愛國主義、集體主義和國際主義、共產(chǎn)主義的教育，提倡愛祖國、愛人民、愛勞動(dòng)、愛科學(xué)、愛社會(huì)主義的公德，反對(duì)資本主義的、封建主義的和其他的腐朽思想的侵蝕。
Article 3 The State, society, schools and families shall educate minors in
ideals, morality, culture, discipline and legal system as well as in patriotism,
collectivism, internationalism and communism, foster among them the social
ethics of loving the motherland, the people, labour, science and socialism, and
fight against the corrosive influences of bourgeois, feudal and other decadent
ideologies.
第四條 保護(hù)未成年人的工作，應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循下列原則：
Article 4 The protection of minors shall follow the following principles:
?。ㄒ唬┍Ｕ衔闯赡耆说暮戏?quán)益；
(1) Safeguarding the lawful rights and interests of minors;
（二）尊重未成人的人格尊嚴(yán)；
(2) Respecting the personal dignity of minors;
（三）適應(yīng)未成人身心發(fā)展的特點(diǎn)；
(3) Fitting in with the characteristics of minors' physical and mental
development; and
（四）教育與保護(hù)相結(jié)合。
(4) Combining education with protection.
第五條 國家保障未成年人的人身、財(cái)產(chǎn)和其他合法權(quán)益不受侵犯。
Article 5 The State shall protect the rights of the person and property as
well as other lawful rights and interests of minors from violation.
保護(hù)未成年人，是國家機(jī)關(guān)、武裝力量、政黨、社會(huì)團(tuán)體、企業(yè)事業(yè)組織、城鄉(xiāng)基層群眾性自治組織、未成年人的監(jiān)護(hù)人和其他成年公民的共同責(zé)任。
To protect minors is the common responsibility of State organs, armed forces,
political parties, social organizations, enterprises and institutions,
self-governing organizations of mass character at grass- roots levels in urban
and rural areas, guardians of minors and other adult citizens.
對(duì)侵犯未成人合法權(quán)益的行為，任何組織和個(gè)人都有權(quán)予以勸阻、制止或者向有關(guān)部門提出檢舉或者控告。
Any organization or individual shall have the right to dissuade or stop any
act encroaching upon the lawful rights and interests of minors, or report to or
complain before a department concerned thereagainst.
國家、社會(huì)、學(xué)校和家庭應(yīng)當(dāng)教育和幫助未成年人運(yùn)用法律手段，維護(hù)自己的合法權(quán)益。
The State, society, schools and families shall educate and help minors to
safeguard their lawful rights and interests by legal means.
第六條 中央和地方各級(jí)國家機(jī)關(guān)應(yīng)當(dāng)在各自的職責(zé)范圍內(nèi)做好未成年人保護(hù)工作。、
Article 6 State organs at the central and local levels shall, within the scope
of their functions and responsibilities, ensure the protection of minors.
國務(wù)院和省、自治區(qū)、直轄市的人民政府根據(jù)需要，采取組織措施，協(xié)調(diào)有關(guān)部門做好未所年人保護(hù)工作。
The State Council and the people's governments of the provinces, autonomous
regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall adopt
organizational measures according to needs to coordinate the departments
concerned in their efforts to ensure the protection of minors.
共產(chǎn)主主青年團(tuán)、婦女聯(lián)合會(huì)、工會(huì)、青年聯(lián)合會(huì)、學(xué)生聯(lián)合會(huì)、少年先鋒隊(duì)及其他有關(guān)的社會(huì)團(tuán)體，協(xié)助各級(jí)人民政府做好未成年人保護(hù)工作，維護(hù)未成年人的合法權(quán)益。
The Communist Youth League organs, women's federations, trade unions, youth
federations, students' federations, young pioneers' organizations and other
social organizations shall assist the people's governments at various levels in
ensuring the protection of minors and safeguarding their lawful rights and
interests.
第七條 各級(jí)人民政府和有關(guān)部門對(duì)保護(hù)未成年人有顯著成績的組織和個(gè)人，給予獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。
Article 7 The people's governments at various levels and departments concerned
shall give awards to organizations and individuals that have made outstanding
achievements in the protection of minors.
第二章 家庭保護(hù)
CHAPTER II PROTECTION BY THE FAMILY
第八條 父母或者其他監(jiān)護(hù)人應(yīng)當(dāng)依法履行對(duì)未成年人的監(jiān)護(hù)職責(zé)和撫養(yǎng)義務(wù)；不得虐待、遺棄未成年人；不得歧視女性未成年人或者有殘疾的未成年人；禁止溺嬰、棄嬰。
Article 8 The parents or other guardians of minors shall fulfil their
responsibility of guardianship and their obligations according to law to bring
up the minors. They shall not maltreat or forsake the minors, nor shall they
discriminate against female or handicapped minors. Infanticide and
infant-abandoning shall be forbidden.
第九條 父母或者其他監(jiān)護(hù)人應(yīng)當(dāng)尊重未成年人接受教育的權(quán)利，必須使適齡未成年人按照規(guī)定接受義務(wù)教育，不得使在校接受義務(wù)教育的未成年人輟學(xué)。
Article 9 The parents or other guardians of minors shall respect the minors'
right to receive education, must ensure to the minors of school age the
compulsory education as provided by relevant regulations, and shall not make
minors receiving compulsory education at school discontinue their schooling.
第十條
父母或者其他監(jiān)護(hù)人應(yīng)當(dāng)以健康的思想、品行和適當(dāng)?shù)姆椒ń逃闯赡耆?，引?dǎo)未成人進(jìn)行有益身心健康的活動(dòng)。預(yù)離和制止未成年人吸煙、酗酒、流浪以及聚賭、吸毒、賣淫。
Article 10 The parents or other guardians of minors shall cultivate the minors
in sound ideology and conduct by appropriate methods, guide them to undertake
activities that are conducive to their physical and mental development, prevent
and stop them from smoking, excessive drinking, leading a vagrant life,
gambling, drug-taking or prostitution.
第十一條 父母或者其他監(jiān)護(hù)人不得允許或者迫使未成人結(jié)婚，不得為未成年人訂立婚約。
Article 11 The parents or other guardians of minors may not permit or force
the minors to marry, nor may they undertake an engagement for the minors.
第十二條 父母或者其他監(jiān)護(hù)人不履行監(jiān)護(hù)職責(zé)或者侵害被監(jiān)護(hù)的未成年人的合法權(quán)益的，應(yīng)當(dāng)依法承擔(dān)責(zé)任。
Article 12 The parents or other guardians of minors who refuse to perform
their duties as guardians or encroach upon the lawful rights and interests of
the minors under their guardianship shall bear the responsibility therefor
according to law.
父母或者其他監(jiān)護(hù)人有前款所列行為，經(jīng)教育不改的，人民法院可以根據(jù)有關(guān)人員或者有關(guān)單位的申請(qǐng)，撤銷其監(jiān)護(hù)人的資格；依照民法通第十六條的規(guī)定，另行確定監(jiān)護(hù)人。
Where the parents or other guardians of minors commit any act specified in the
preceding paragraph and refuse to mend their ways after education, the people's
court may, upon application by the person(s) or unit(s) concerned, disqualify
them as guardians and designate guardians anew in accordance with the provisions
in Article 16 of the General Principles of the Civil Law.
第三章 學(xué)校保護(hù)
CHAPTER III PROTECTION BY THE SCHOOL
第十三條 學(xué)校應(yīng)當(dāng)全國貫徹國家的教育方針，對(duì)未成年學(xué)生進(jìn)行德育、智育、體育、美育、勞動(dòng)教育以及社會(huì)生活指導(dǎo)和青春期教育。
Article 13 Schools shall comprehensively implement the State policy for
education and conduct moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic and labour
education among the minor students, and give them guidance in social life as
well as education in puberty knowledge.
學(xué)校應(yīng)當(dāng)關(guān)心、愛護(hù)學(xué)生；對(duì)品行有缺點(diǎn)、學(xué)習(xí)有困難的學(xué)生，應(yīng)當(dāng)耐心教育、幫助，不得歧視。
Schools shall show concern for and take good care of the minor students; with
respect to those who have shortcomings in conduct or difficulties in study,
schools shall give patient education and help, and may not discriminate against
them.
第十四條 學(xué)校應(yīng)當(dāng)尊重未成年學(xué)生的受教育權(quán)，不得隨意開除未成年學(xué)生。
Article 14 Schools shall respect the minor students' right to receive
education and may not arbitrarily expel any minor students from schools.
第十五條 學(xué)校、幼兒園的教職員應(yīng)當(dāng)尊重未成年人的人格尊嚴(yán)，不得對(duì)未成年學(xué)生和兒童實(shí)行體罰、變相體罰或者其他侮辱人格尊嚴(yán)的行為。
Article 15 Teaching and administrative staff in schools and kindergartens
shall respect the personal dignity of the minors, and may not enforce corporal
punishment or corporal punishment in disguised forms, or any other act that
humiliates the personal dignity of the minors.
第十六條 學(xué)校不得使未成年學(xué)生在危及人身安全、健康的校舍和其他教育教學(xué)設(shè)施中活動(dòng)。
Article 16 Schools may not let the minor students engage in any activity in
school buildings or in any other educational and teaching facilities that are
dangerous to their personal safety and health.
任何組織和個(gè)人不得擾教學(xué)秩序，不得侵占、破壞學(xué)校的場地、房屋和設(shè)備。
No organization or individual may disrupt the order of teaching in schools,
occupy or damage school ground, housing and installations.
第十七條 學(xué)校和幼兒園安排未成年學(xué)生和兒童參加集會(huì)、文化娛樂、社會(huì)實(shí)踐等集體活動(dòng)，應(yīng)當(dāng)有利于未成年人的健康成長，防止發(fā)生人身安全事故。
Article 17 Collective activities organized by schools and kindergartens for
minor students and children, such as taking part in rallies, recreational
activities and social practices, shall be conductive to the sound growth of
minors; accidents endangering personal safety shall be prevented.
第十八條 按照國家有關(guān)規(guī)定送工讀學(xué)校接受義務(wù)教育的未成年人，工讀學(xué)校應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)其進(jìn)行思想教育、文化教育、勞動(dòng)技術(shù)教育和職業(yè)教育。
Article 18 In respect of minors who are sent to work-and-study schools to
receive compulsory education pursuant to relevant regulations of the State, the
work-and-study schools shall conduct among such minors ideological, cultural,
labour skill and vocational education.
工讀學(xué)校的教職員應(yīng)當(dāng)關(guān)心、愛護(hù)、尊重學(xué)生，不得歧視、厭棄。
Teaching and administrative staff in work-and-study schools shall show concern
for, take good care of and respect the students and may not discriminate against
or detest such students.
第十九條 幼兒園應(yīng)當(dāng)做好保育、教育工作，促進(jìn)幼兒在體質(zhì)、智力、品德等方面和諧發(fā)展。
Article 19 Kindergartens shall do a good job in nursing care and education so
as to promote the harmonious development of the children in physique,
intellectual ability and moral values.
第四章 社會(huì)保護(hù)
CHAPTER IV PROTECTION BY THE SOCIETY
第二十條 國家鼓勵(lì)社會(huì)團(tuán)體、企業(yè)事業(yè)組織和其他組織及公民，開展多種形式的有利于未成年人健康成長的社會(huì)活動(dòng)。
Article 20 The State shall encourage social organizations, enterprises,
institutions and other organizations and citizens to hold various forms of
social activities that are conducive to the sound growth of minors.
第二十一條 各級(jí)人民政府應(yīng)當(dāng)創(chuàng)造條件，建立和改善適合未成年人文化生活需要的活動(dòng)場所和設(shè)施。
Article 21 People's governments at various levels shall create conditions to
establish and improve places and facilities suited to the needs of minors for
cultural life.
第二十二條 博物館、紀(jì)念館、科技館、文化館、影劇院、體育場（館）、動(dòng)物園、公園等場年，應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)中小學(xué)生優(yōu)惠開放。
Article 22 Museums, memorial halls, scientific and technological centres,
cultural centres, cinemas and theatres, stadiums and gymnasiums, zoos, parks and
other similar places shall be open to secondary school students and primary
school pupils on preferential basis.
第二十三條 營業(yè)性舞廳等不適宜未成年人的活動(dòng)的場所，有關(guān)主管部門和經(jīng)營者應(yīng)當(dāng)采取措施，不得允許未成年人進(jìn)入。
Article 23 In respect of places, such as commercial dancing halls that are not
appropriate for minors to take part in the activities therein, the competent
departments and business managers shall take measures to ensure that no
admission shall be given to minors.
第二十四條
國家鼓勵(lì)新聞、出版、廣播、電影、電視、文藝等單位和作家、科學(xué)家、藝術(shù)家及其他公民，創(chuàng)作或者提供有益于未成年人健康成長的作品。出版專門以未成年人為對(duì)象的圖書、報(bào)刊、音像制品等出版物，國家給予扶持。
Article 24 The State shall encourage units of the press, publication,
broadcasting, film and television, art and literature, as well as writers,
scientists, artists and other citizens to create or provide works beneficial to
the sound growth of minors. The State shall render support to the publication of
books, newspapers, magazines and audio- visual products specially catering to
minors.
第二十五條 嚴(yán)禁任何組織和個(gè)人向未成人出售、出租或者以其他方式傳播淫穢、暴力、兇殺、恐怖等毒害未成年人的圖書、報(bào)刊、音像制品。
Article 25 It shall be strictly prohibited for any organization or individual
to sell, rent, or disseminate by any other means to minors, books, newspapers,
magazines or audio-visual products of pornography, violence, wanton killing and
terror that are pernicious to minors.
第二十六條 兒童食品、玩具、用具和游樂設(shè)施，不得有害于兒童的安全和健康。
Article 26 Food, toys, utensils and amusement facilities for children may not
be harmful to children's safety and health.
第二十七條 任何人不得在中小學(xué)、幼兒園、托兒所的教室、寢室、活動(dòng)室和其他未成年人集中活動(dòng)的室內(nèi)吸煙。
Article 27 No person may smoke in the classrooms, dormitories and recreational
rooms of secondary and primary schools, kindergartens, as well as any other
indoor places where minors gather for activities.
第二十八條 任何組織和個(gè)人不得招用未滿十六周歲的未成年人，國家另有規(guī)定的除外。
Article 28 No organization or individual may hire any minor under the age of
sixteen, except as otherwise provided by the State.
任何組織和個(gè)人依照國家有關(guān)規(guī)定招收已滿十六周歲未滿十八周歲的未成年人的，應(yīng)當(dāng)在工種、勞動(dòng)時(shí)間、勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度和保護(hù)措施等方面執(zhí)行國家有關(guān)規(guī)定，不得安排其從事過重、有毒、有害的勞動(dòng)或者危險(xiǎn)作業(yè)。
Any organization or individual that recruits according to relevant regulations
of the State minors over the age of sixteen but under eighteen shall, in respect
of the types of jobs, duration of time and intensity of labour as well as
protective measures, follow the relevant regulations of the State and may not
assign them to any overstrenuous, poisonous or harmful labour or any dangerous
operation.
第二十九條
對(duì)流浪乞討或者離家出走的未成年人，民政部門或者其他有關(guān)部門應(yīng)當(dāng)負(fù)責(zé)交送其父母或者其他監(jiān)護(hù)人；暫時(shí)無法查明其父母或者其他監(jiān)護(hù)人的，由民政部門設(shè)立的兒童福利機(jī)構(gòu)收容撫養(yǎng)。
Article 29 In respect of minors who wander about and go begging or those who
flee from their homes, the civil affairs departments or other departments
concerned shall take the responsibility to send them back to their parents or
other guardians; with regard to those whose parents or guardians cannot be
ascertained for the time being, the welfare organizations for children
established by the civil affairs departments shall accept and take care of them.
第三十條 任何組織和個(gè)人不得披露未成年人的個(gè)人隱私。
Article 30 No organization or individual may disclose the personal secrets of
minors.
第三十一條
對(duì)未成年人的信件，任何組織格個(gè)人不得隱匿、毀棄；除因追查犯罪的需要由公安機(jī)關(guān)或者人民檢察院依照法律規(guī)定的程序進(jìn)行檢查，或者對(duì)無行為能力的未成年人的信件由其父母或者其他監(jiān)護(hù)人代為開拆外，任何組織或者個(gè)人不得開拆。
Article 31 No organization or individual may conceal, destroy or discard mail
of any minor. Except when the inspection of mail in accordance with legal
procedures by the public security organs or the people's procuratorates is
necessary for the investigation of a criminal offence, or when the opening of
mail of a minor without capacity is done on his or her behalf by the parents or
other guardians, no organization or individual may open mail of any minor.
第三十二條 衛(wèi)生部門和學(xué)校應(yīng)當(dāng)為未成年人提供必要的衛(wèi)生保健條件，做好預(yù)防疾病工作。
Article 32 Departments of public health and schools shall provide minors with
necessary sanitary and health-care conditions and make efforts to prevent
diseases.
第三十三條
地方各級(jí)人民政府應(yīng)當(dāng)積極發(fā)展托幼事業(yè)，努力辦好托兒所、幼兒園，鼓勵(lì)和支持國家機(jī)關(guān)、社會(huì)團(tuán)體、企業(yè)事業(yè)組織和其他社會(huì)力量興辦哺乳室、托兒所、幼兒園，提倡和支持舉辦家庭托兒所。
Article 33 Local people's governments at various levels shall make efforts to
develop child-care undertakings and strive to run nurseries and kindergartens
well, encourage and support State organs, social organizations, enterprises and
institutions as well as other sectors of society to establish nursing rooms,
nurseries and kindergartens, advocate and support the establishment of household
nurseries.
第三十四條 衛(wèi)生部門應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)兒童實(shí)行預(yù)防接種證制度，積極防治兒童常見病、多發(fā)病，加強(qiáng)對(duì)傳染防治工作的監(jiān)督管理和對(duì)托兒所、幼兒園衛(wèi)生保健的業(yè)務(wù)指導(dǎo)。
Article 34 Departments of public health shall, in relation to children,
establish a preventive inoculation certificate system, make efforts to prevent
common and frequently-occurring diseases among children, strengthen supervision
and control over the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and give
more effective professional guidance to sanitation and health-care work in
nurseries and kindergartens.
第三十五條 各級(jí)人民政府和有關(guān)部門應(yīng)當(dāng)采取多種形式，培養(yǎng)和訓(xùn)練幼兒園、托兒所的保教人員，加強(qiáng)對(duì)他們的政治思想和業(yè)務(wù)教育。
Article 35 People's governments at various levels and departments concerned
shall, through various forms, foster and train child-care and teaching staff in
nurseries and kindergartens, and strengthen political, ideological and
professional education thereto.
第三十六條 國家依法保護(hù)未成年人的智力成果和榮譽(yù)權(quán)不受侵犯。
Article 36 The State shall protect according to law the intellectual
achievements and the right of honour of minors from encroachment.
對(duì)有特殊天賦或者突出成就的未成年人，國家、社會(huì)、家庭和學(xué)校應(yīng)當(dāng)為他們的健康發(fā)展創(chuàng)造有利條件。
For minors who have shown unusual talent or made outstanding achievements, the
State, society, families and schools shall create conditions favourable to their
sound development.
第三十七條
未成年人已經(jīng)受完規(guī)定年限的義務(wù)教育不再升學(xué)的，政府有關(guān)部門和社會(huì)團(tuán)體、企業(yè)事業(yè)組織應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況，對(duì)他們進(jìn)行職業(yè)技術(shù)培訓(xùn)，為他們創(chuàng)造勞動(dòng)就業(yè)條件。
Article 37 In respect of minors who have completed the prescribed length of
schooling in terms of compulsory education and will not receive education at a
higher level, the relevant governmental departments, social organizations,
enterprises and institutions shall, in line with the actual conditions, train
them in vocational skills and create conditions for their engagement in labour
or employment.
第三十八條 對(duì)違法犯罪的未成年人，實(shí)行教育、感化、挽救的方針，堅(jiān)持教育為主、懲罰為輔的原則。
Article 38 In respect of delinquent minors, the policy of education,
persuasion and redemption shall be implemented and the principle of taking
education as the main method and punishment as the subsidiary shall be upheld.
第三十九條 已滿十四周歲的未成年人犯罪，因不滿十六周歲不予刑事處罰的，責(zé)令其家長或者其他監(jiān)護(hù)人加以管教；必要時(shí)，也可以由政府收容教養(yǎng)。
Article 39 In respect of minors reaching the age of fourteen who have
committed crimes but are not subject to criminal punishment because they have
not yet reached the age of sixteen, their parents or other guardians shall be
ordered to subject them to discipline; when necessary, such minors may also be
taken in for rehabilitation by the government.
第四十條 公安機(jī)關(guān)、人民檢察院、人民法院辦理未成年人犯罪的案件，應(yīng)當(dāng)照顧未成年人的身心特點(diǎn)，并可以根據(jù)需要設(shè)產(chǎn)專門機(jī)構(gòu)或者指定專人辦理。
Article 40 Public security organs, people's procuratorates and people's courts
shall, in dealing with cases involving crimes committed by minors, take their
physical and mental characteristics into consideration, and may, in line with
needs, set up special organs or designate special persons to handle such cases.
公安機(jī)關(guān)、人民檢察院、人民法院和少年犯管教所，應(yīng)當(dāng)尊重違法犯罪的未成年人的人格尊嚴(yán)，保障他們的合法權(quán)益。
Public security organs, people's procuratorates, people's courts and
reformatories for juvenile delinquents shall respect the personal dignity of the
delinquent minors and safeguard their lawful rights and interests.
第四十一條 公安機(jī)關(guān)、人民檢察院、人民法院對(duì)審前羈押的未成年人，應(yīng)當(dāng)與羈押的成年人分別看管。
Article 41 Public security organs, people's procuratorates and people's courts
shall guard minors under custody, pending trial, separately from adults under
custody.
對(duì)經(jīng)人民法院判決服刑的未成年人，應(yīng)當(dāng)與服刑的成人分別關(guān)押、管理。
Minors who are sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment by the people's courts
shall be housed and guarded separately from adults serving their sentences.
第四十二條 十四周歲以上不滿十六周歲的未成年人犯罪的案件，一律不公開審理。十六周歲以上不滿十八周歲的未成人的犯罪的案件，一般也不公開審理。
Article 42 All cases involving crimes committed by minors over fourteen years
old but under sixteen shall not be tried publicly. Cases involving crimes
committed by minors over sixteen years old but under eighteen shall, in general,
not be tried publicly.
對(duì)未成年人犯罪案件，在判決前，新聞報(bào)道、影視節(jié)目、公開出版物不得披露該未成年人的姓名、住所、照片及可能推斷出該未成年人的資料。
With regard to cases involving crimes committed by minors, the names, home
addresses and photos of such minors as well as other information which can be
used to deduce who they are, may not be disclosed, before the judgment, in news
reports, films, TV programmes and in any other openly circulated publications.
第四十三條 家庭和學(xué)校及其他有關(guān)單位，應(yīng)當(dāng)配合違法犯罪未成斫人所在的少年犯管教所等單位，共同做好違法犯罪未成年人的教育挽救工作。
Article 43 The families, schools and other units concerned shall coordinate,
in educating and redeeming the delinquent minors, with the reformatories for
juvenile delinquents and other similar units where the delinquent minors are
held.
第四十四條 人民檢察院免予起訴、人民法院免除刑事處罰或者宣告緩刑以及被解除收容教養(yǎng)或者服刑期滿釋放的未成年人，復(fù)學(xué)、升學(xué)、就業(yè)不受歧視。
Article 44 Minors who are exempt from prosecution by the people's
procuratorates, from criminal punishment by the people's courts, or the
execution of whose sentence is announced suspended by the people's court, and
minors who have been released from reformatory custody or have served their
terms of imprisonment shall not be discriminated against in respect of resuming
schooling, entering a higher school or employment.
第四十五條 人民法院審理繼承案件，應(yīng)當(dāng)依法保護(hù)未成年人的繼承權(quán)。
Article 45 The people's courts shall, in handling cases concerning
inheritance, protect the minors' right of inheritance according to law.
人民法院審理離婚案件，離婚雙方因撫養(yǎng)未成年子女發(fā)生爭執(zhí)，不能達(dá)成協(xié)議時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)保障子女權(quán)權(quán)益的原則和雙方具體情況判決。
In handling cases of divorce, if disputes arise between the two parties
concerned over the support of the minor child or children and no agreement can
be reached, the people's courts shall make judgment in accordance with the
principle of safeguarding the rights and interests of the child or children and
in light of the specific conditions of the two parties concerned.
第四十六條 未成人的合法權(quán)益受到侵害時(shí)，被侵害人或者其監(jiān)護(hù)人有權(quán)要求有關(guān)主管部門處理，或者依法向人民法院提起訴訟。
Article 46 Where the lawful rights and interests of a minor is infringed, the
infringed or his or her guardians shall have the right to request the department
concerned to deal with the matter or bring a suit in a people's court according
to law.
第四十七條 侵害未成年人的合法權(quán)益，對(duì)其造成財(cái)產(chǎn)損失或者得其他損失、損害的，應(yīng)當(dāng)依法賠償或者承擔(dān)其他民事責(zé)任。
Article 47 Whoever has encroached upon the lawful rights and interests of a
minor and caused him or her losses in property or other losses or harms shall
compensate for the losses or bear other civil liabilities according to law.
第四十八條 學(xué)校、幼兒園、托兒所的教職員對(duì)未成年學(xué)生和兒童實(shí)施體罰或者得變相體罰，情節(jié)嚴(yán)重的，由其所在單位或者上級(jí)機(jī)關(guān)給予行政處分。
Article 48 Where teaching and administrative staff in schools, nurseries or
kindergartens subject minor students or children to corporal punishment or
corporal punishment in disguised forms, and if the circumstances are serious,
disciplinary sanctions shall be given by their units or the authorities at
higher levels.
第四十九條 企業(yè)事業(yè)組織、個(gè)體工商戶非法招用未滿十六周歲的未成年人的，由勞動(dòng)部門責(zé)令改正，處以罰款；情節(jié)嚴(yán)重的，由工商行政管理部門吊銷營業(yè)執(zhí)照。
Article 49 Where enterprises, institutions or individual industrialists and
businessmen illegally hire minors who have not reached the age of sixteen, the
relevant labour departments shall order such units or individuals to make
corrections and shall impose fines on them; if the circumstances are serious,
the relevant administrative departments for industry and commerce shall revoke
their business licenses.
第五十條 營業(yè)性舞廳等不適宜未成年人活動(dòng)的場所允許未成年人進(jìn)入的，由有關(guān)主管部門責(zé)令改正，可以處以罰款。
Article 50 Where commercial dancing halls or other similar places not
appropriate for minors to participate in the activities therein give admission
to minors, the competent departments shall order such units to make corrections,
and may impose fines on them.
第五十一條 向未成年人出售、出租或者以其他方式傳播淫穢的圖書、報(bào)刊、音像制品等出版物的，依法從重處罰。
Article 51 Whoever sells, rents or disseminates by any other means to minors
pornographic books, newspapers, magazines or audio-visual products shall be
given heavier punishment according to law.
第五十二條 侵犯未成年人的人身權(quán)利或者其他合法權(quán)利，構(gòu)成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責(zé)任。
Article 52 Where an encroachment upon the right of the person or other lawful
rights of a minor constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be
investigated according to law.
虐待未成年的家庭成員，情節(jié)惡劣的，依照刑法第一百八十二條的規(guī)定追分刑事責(zé)任。、
Whoever maltreats a minor family member in a vicious manner shall be
investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with the provisions in
Article 182 of the Criminal Law.
司法工作人員違反監(jiān)管法規(guī)，對(duì)被監(jiān)管的未成年人實(shí)行體罰虐待的，依照刑法第一百八十九條的規(guī)定追究刑事責(zé)任。
Judicial personnel who, in violation of the rules or regulations on prison
management, subject imprisoned minors to corporal punishment or maltreatment,
shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with the
provisions in Article 189 of the Criminal Law.
對(duì)未成年人負(fù)有撫養(yǎng)義務(wù)而拒絕撫養(yǎng)，情節(jié)惡劣的，依照刑法第一百八十三條的規(guī)定追究刑事責(zé)任。
Where a person has the obligation to support a minor but refuses to do so, and
if the circumstances are flagrant, criminal responsibility shall be investigated
in accordance with the provisions in Article 183 of the Criminal Law.
溺嬰的，依照刑法第一百三十二條的規(guī)定追究刑事責(zé)任。
Whoever commits infanticide shall be investigated for criminal responsibility
in accordance with the provisions in Article 132 of the Criminal Law.
明知校舍有倒塌的危險(xiǎn)而不采取措施，致使校舍倒塌，造成傷亡的，依照刑法第一百八十七條的規(guī)定追分刑事責(zé)任。
Whoever, while fully aware of the school buildings being in danger of
collapse, does not take any measures, thus resulting in the collapse of the said
buildings and causing injuries or death, shall be investigated for criminal
responsibility in accordance with the provisions in Article 187 of the Criminal
Law.
第五十三條 教唆未成年人違法犯罪的，依法從重處罰。
Article 53 Whoever instigates a minor to break law or commit criminal offences
shall be given heavier punishment according to law.
引誘、教唆或者強(qiáng)迫未成人吸食、注射毒品或者賣淫的，依法從重處罰。
Whoever lures, instigates or forces a minor to take or inject drugs or engage
in prostitution shall be given heavier punishment according to law.
第五十四條
當(dāng)事人對(duì)依照本法作出的行政處罰決定不服的，可以先向上一級(jí)行政機(jī)關(guān)或者有關(guān)法律、法規(guī)規(guī)定的行政機(jī)關(guān)申請(qǐng)復(fù)議，對(duì)復(fù)議決定不服的，再向人民法院提起訴訟；也可以直接向人民法院提起訴訟。有關(guān)法律、法規(guī)規(guī)定應(yīng)當(dāng)先向行政機(jī)關(guān)申請(qǐng)復(fù)議，對(duì)復(fù)議決定不服再向人民法院提起訴訟的，依照有關(guān)法律、法規(guī)的規(guī)定辦理。
Article 54 A party concerned, if not satisfied with the decision on
administrative sanctions made according to this Law, may first apply for
reconsideration to an administrative organ at a higher level or to an
administrative organ prescribed by relevant laws or regulations. If still not
satisfied with the reconsideration decision, the party may bring a suit in a
people's court. The party may also directly bring a suit in a people's court.
Where the relevant laws or regulations prescribe that the party concerned shall
first apply to the administrative organ for reconsideration, and, if not
satisfied with the reconsideration decision, then bring a suit in a people's
court, such laws or regulations shall be complied with.
當(dāng)事人對(duì)行政處罰決定在法定期限內(nèi)不申請(qǐng)復(fù)議，也不向人民法院提起訴訟，又不履行的，作出處罰決定的機(jī)關(guān)可以申請(qǐng)人民法院強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行，或者依法強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行。
If a party, within the prescribed period, neither applies for reconsideration
of the decision on administrative sanctions, nor brings a suit in a people's
court, nor complies with the decision, the organ which has made the punitive
decision may either apply to a people's court for compulsory execution, or
enforce the decision according to law.
第五十五條 國務(wù)院有關(guān)部門可以根據(jù)本法制定有關(guān)條例，報(bào)國務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)施行。
Article 55 Departments concerned under the State Council may formulate on the
basis of this Law relevant regulations, which shall be submitted to the State
Council for approval before implementation.
省、自治區(qū)、直轄市的人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)可以根據(jù)本法制定實(shí)施辦法。
The standing committees of the people's congresses of the provinces,
autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may,
on the basis of this Law, formulate measures for implementation.
第五十六條 本法自1992年1月1日起施行。
Article 56 this law shall enter into force as of January ,1, 1992.
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